安徽省商用计量器具管理办法
安徽省人民政府
安徽省商用计量器具管理办法
省人民政府
第一章 总 则
第一条 为加强全省商用计量器具的管理,保证计量准确,维护国家、集体和消费者的正当利益,根据国家有关规定,特制定本办法。
第二条 凡生产、修理、销售、进口、使用商用计量器具的单位和个人,各级计量管理部门及其授权单位,均须遵守本办法。
第三条 商用计量器具是指用于商品交易,产品和物资调拨、分配以及其他计价收费活动的计量器具。商用计量器具的管理目录由省标准计量局颁发。
第四条 商用计量器具采用国家法定计量单位。目前保留的市制应逐步向国家法定计量单位过渡,限制英制,废除旧杂制。
第五条 商用计量器具必须由计量管理部门或其授权单位按照国家计量检定规程,或省以上计量管理部门批准的计量检定方法进行检定。检定合格的,加盖合格印鉴或发给检定合格证。检定合格证由检定单位按国家计量检定规程的要求印制,合格印鉴由省标准计量局统一制发。
第二章 商用计量器具的生产、修理和销售
第六条 生产、修理商用计量器具的企业和个人,须经其主管部门批准,当地计量管理部门审核同意,工商行政管理部门登记发照,方可营业。
第七条 生产商用计量器具及零配件必须严格遵守有关技术规定。未经计量管理部门或其授权的企业计量检定机构检定合格的产品,不准出厂和销售。
计量管理部门对其授权的企业计量检定机构捡定的计量产品,实行定期检查检定,必要时也可全部检定;对不能保证产品检定质量的,取消其检定权。
第八条 生产商用计量器具新产品,须具备必要的生产技术条件,并经过定型试制。试制产品经企业主管部门和计量部门鉴定合格后,方准投产。
因商品交易的特殊需要而生产的专用计量器具,亦须经计量管理部门检定合格后才能使用。
第九条 从事商用计量器具修理的企业和个人所修复的计量器具,未经检定合格,不得交用户使用。
第十条 外出或外来从事生产、修理、销售商用计量器具的企业和个人,须持原地工商行政管理部门发给的营业执照,向所到经营地区计量管理部门登记,接受检查监督。
第十一条 进口商用计量器具,必须符合我国法定计量单位的规定,并经地、市以上计量管理部门检定合格,方可销售或使用。
第十二条 禁止生产和销售非定量铊、绳纽杆秤及国家明令禁止使用的其它商用计量器具。
第三章 商用计量器具的使用
第十三条 计量管理部门或其授权单位,应对使用中的商用计量器具进行周期检定。检定周期由检定单位根据使用情况决定,最长周期不得超过一年。
第十四条 凡安装、调试的商用计量器具,必须重新检定合格,方准使用。
第十五条 计量管理部门对集市贸易市场使用的计量器具应定期组织检查检定。
第十六条 商品零售单位和集市贸易市场应设置公平监督计量器具,接受群众监督。
第十七条 使用商用计量器具的部门,经计量管理部门进行技术考核认证和授权后,可设置计量标准器,对本系统商用计量器具进行检定。标准器由计量管理部门负责进行周期检定。
第十八条 使用商用计量器具的单位,应建立计量器具管理制度,加强对计量器具的维修保养,正确使用计量器具。
第十九条 凡有下列情况之一的商用计量器具,禁止使用:
(一)非定量铊或增铊盘混用的;
(二)不合格、无合格印证或超过检定局期的;
(三)零点不准、刻线不清、示值难以辨认的;
(四)零部件残缺、磨损、变形或附加重物的;
(五)弹簧秤和旧杂制计量器具。
第四章 计量管理部门的职责
第二十条 各级计量管理部门是同级人民政府主管计量工作的职能机构,在商用计量器具管理方面行使以下职权:
(一)宣传、贯彻计量政策和法规,组织实施本办法;
(二)组织对商用计量器具的周期检定;
(三)对其授权的单位进行计量技术审查、考核和业务指导;
(四)监督商用计量器具的生产、修理、销售、进口和使用。
第二十一条 计量管理部门的计量器具检定人员,执行任务时应出示省标准计量局制发的《计量管理检查证》。
第二十二条 使用商用计量器具单位的主管部门,应根据需要配备专职或兼职计量管理人员,负责本系统商用计量器具的管理工作。其主要任务是:
(一)宣传、贯彻计量政策、法规和有关规定;
(二)检查商用计置器具的管理、使用和保养情况;
(三)按照国家计量检定规程的要求,安排周期检定计划。
第二十三条 计量管理部门及其授权单位对计量标准器和商用计量器具进行周期检定,可收取捡定费。
进行商用计量器具检查检定,只对不合格者收取检定费,合格者免收。检定公平监督计量器具,不收检定费。
检定费标准由省标准计量局会同省物价部门制定。
第五章 处 罚
第二十四条 有下列情形之一的,给予批评教育,或封存,没收其计量器具;情节严重的,可并处三十元以下的罚款:
(一)未经批准,擅自从事商用计量器具的生产、修理和销售的;
(二)拒绝接受对商用计量器具或计量标准器进行周期检定或检查检定的;
(三)商用计量器具或计量标准器经检定不合格,仍继续使用的;
(四)使用本办法禁止使用的商用计量器具的;
(五)销售不合格或无合格印证的商用计量器具的。
第二十五条 对利用商用计量器具牟取非法收入者,应没收其非法收入,并视情处以罚款,最高罚款额为其非法收入的五倍。
第二十六条 本办法规定的各项处罚,由计置管理部门独立或会同工商行政管理等有关郝门共同执行。
罚款、没收应有统一收据,收据格式由省标准计量局制发。罚、没款均交同级财政。
第二十七条 当事人对处罚不服的,可在十日内向上一级计量管理部门申请复议。对复议决定仍不服的,可在十五日内向当地人民法院起诉。
第二十八条 以暴力、威胁等手段阻碍计量管理人员依法执行公务,或伪造证件冒充计量管理人员进行诈骗活动的,由公安、司法机关依法处理。
第二十九条 计量管理人员必须严格执行计量政策和法规,秉公办事。对利用职权敲诈勒索、营私舞弊的,要从严处理。
第六章 附 则
第三十条 本办法自公布之日起施行。各地可根据实际情况,制定具体措施。
第三十一条 本办法由省标准计量局负责解释。
1985年4月21日
WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism
------An Analysis of the DSU in Positivism
by
Chengwei, Liu
Foreword
This book is a systematically selected compilation of Reports issued by various panels and the standing Appellate Body, then adopted by the DSB under the WTO jurisdiction by the end of May 2002, in category of subjects such as causes of action, initiation of panel proceedings, function of panels, rules of evidence and special rules governing anti-dumping disputes, etc., which are in most cases ruled as “preliminary issues” or “procedural objections”. However, this book is not intended to be exhaustive. It deals only with issues in dispute settlement proceedings under the WTO jurisprudence that the author considers the more important, where such rules are mainly concerned as Art. XXIII of the GATT 1994; Arts. 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 21.5, 23, 26 of the DSU; Arts. 17.4, 17.5, 17.6 of the AD Agreement and Arts. 31, 32 of the Vienna Convention and so on.
Moreover, this book is intended to be descriptive and positive rather than prescriptive and theoretical. Most of the author’s analysis benefits much from the precise and logically organized reports by panels and the Appellate Body, administered by the DSB under the WTO jurisdiction. It must be made clear that these reports do not constitute binding “subsequent practice” referred to in Article 31 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, nor do they operate as stare decisis, panels and the Appellate Body are therefore not bound by past reports. Nevertheless, it does be the case demonstrated by the DSB practice that, relevant reasoning in a particular case has been cited or followed frequently by another panel or confirmed by the Appellate Body in subsequent cases.
As ruled by the Appellate Body in Japan-Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages (DS44), “[a]dopted panel reports are an important part of the GATT acquis. They are often considered by subsequent panels. They create legitimate expectations among WTO Members, and, therefore, should be taken into account where they are relevant to any dispute”. Furthermore, a panel could nevertheless find useful guidance in the reasoning of an unadopted panel report when it considers relevant. More importantly, as stated in the letter with which the Appellate Body conveyed in the February of 1996 its Working Procedures for Appellate Review to the DSB for information, “… it is also important to ensure consistency and coherence in our decision-making, which is to the advantage of every WTO Member and the overall multilateral trading system we all share”.
There is no doubt that, in line with the pragmatic evolution of the GATT dispute settlement system, the progressive clarification of a number of issues that are not precisely regulated in the DSU and the further development of the WTO dispute settlement procedures, will gradually evolve after having been tested and progressively clarified and improved in concrete dispute settlement cases.
Considering all of this, the author complete this book with serious-minded exploring examination and great diligence, bearing in mind that it is therefore practical and of great significance for WTO Members to be informed of the valuable rulings in those reports issued by panels and the Appellate Body in particular cases.
List of Abbreviations
ATC Agreement on Textile and Clothing
BISD Basic Instruments and Selected Documents (published by GATT)
DSU Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing
the Settlement of Disputes
DSB Dispute Settlement Body
EC The European Communities
GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
IMF International Monetary Fund
PGE Permanent Group of Experts (in the SCM Agreement)
SCM Subsidies and Countervailing Measures
SG Agreement on Safeguards
SPS Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
TBT Technical Barriers to Trade
TMB Textiles Monitoring Body
TRIMS Trade-related Investment Measures
TRIPS Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
TSB Textiles Surveillance Body
WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization
WTO World Trade Organization
Table of Contents
Chapter I Trend towards “Judicialization”:
A Rule-oriented Dispute Settlement System
Chapter II Causes of Action before the DSB:
Art. XXIII of the GATT 1994
Section One Right to Pursue a Proceeding under the WTO
I The Concept of Nullification or Impairment
II The Standing Issue before the DSB